What is classified as substantial damage to an aircraft?

Substantial damage to an aircraft is defined as damage that significantly affects the aircraft's structural strength, performance, or operational capabilities, necessitating major repairs. This concept is critical in aviation safety; ensuring that an aircraft can safely operate is paramount. When damage impairs these key components, it requires a thorough assessment and often extensive repairs to restore the aircraft to an airworthy condition.

For example, a damaged fuselage or wing that compromises the aircraft's integrity falls within this definition of substantial damage. Major repairs could involve extensive structural reinforcements or part replacements, which are significant undertakings in both time and resources.

In contrast, minor cosmetic damage that affects only the exterior appearance, repairs requiring simple patchwork, or damage that occurs during testing without compromising integrity do not meet this level of severity.